ABSTRACT
Antecedentes. La enfermedad crónica infantil tiene impacto en la familia y afecta al paciente física, psicoemocional y socialmente. La hipótesis de este estudio es que la identificación de tales factores puede servir para mejorar su formación y competencia comunicativa y, consecuentemente, la gestión de la enfermedad crónica. Objetivo. Identificar las necesidades formativas psicopedagógicas en pediatras y residentes en pediatría del mayor hospital público en las Islas Baleares, España. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de diseño mixto cuantitativo-cualitativo, donde 51 pediatras y residentes -71.8% del servicio- contestaron un cuestionario y 26 participaron en entrevistas analizadas con análisis de contenido. Resultados. Los pediatras consideran que el apoyo y la cohesión familiar son los factores más relevantes para gestionar adecuadamente una enfermedad crónica infantil, pero manifiestan tener escasos conocimientos sobre el desarrollo emocional y psicológico de los niños y adolescentes. Destacan la escasa comunicación entre pediatras y escuela, así como la deficiente información sobre servicios socioeducativos que se ofrecen en el hospital y también en la comunidad. Los resultados cualitativos fueron organizados en cinco bloques temáticos: impacto de la enfermedad crónica infantil en la familia, formación psicopedagógica de los pediatras, dificultades en la práctica, comunicación entre escuela y hospital y el hospital como entidad educativa. Conclusión. La pediatría hospitalaria requiere considerar las específicas necesidades psicoemocionales de la familia y del menor, para lo cual se necesita formación psicopedagógica, así como un trabajo interprofesional entre sanitarios y educadores.
Background. Chronic illness in children has a strong impact on the family, having a negative effect on the patient at a physical, psycho-emotional and social level. This study hypothesis states that the identification of such factors may serve to improve these patients' education process as well as their communicative competence, and, in consequence, the handling of their chronic disease. Objective. To identify training needs in pediatricians and pediatrics residents working in the largest public hospital in the Balearic Islands, Spain. Materials and Methods. A mixed design, quantitative and qualitative study was used, where 51 pediatricians and residents (71.8% Service) answered a questionnaire, while 26 participated in interviews that were analyzed with content analysis. Results. Pediatricians considered that family support and cohesion are the most important factors to take into account to properly manage a chronic childhood disease. Somehow, they stated that they have little knowledge about the emotional and psychological development of children and adolescents. Poor communication between pediatricians and school, as well as the lack of information regarding educative and social services offered both in the hospital and a the community are aspects to be highlighted. Qualitative data were organized into five thematic sections: impact of chronic childhood illness in the family; psychopedagogical training of pediatricians; practical difficulties; communication between school and hospital, and the hospital as an educational institution. Conclusion. Hospital pediatrics requires the consideration of the specific psycho-emotional needs of the family and the child; therefore, psychopedagogical training is needed, as well as an inter professional collaboration between health and educators.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To identify the psychopedagogical training needs of the pediatric nurses in the largest public hospital of the Balearic Islands, Spain. METHOD This study was developed with a quantitative and qualitative design, where 78 nurses (97.5% of the service) answered a questionnaire, and 15 participated in interviews that were analyzed via content analysis. RESULTS The quantitative results show gaps in the knowledge and psychopedagogical skills of the staff. These aspects could facilitate the development of tasks tailored to the personality and the psychoevolutional time of children with chronic diseases, as well as to the emotional state of families. The qualitative data was organized into four categories: family support; hospital and education; psychopedagogical training and difficulties in practice. The little communication between nurses and teachers is evident. CONCLUSION The data reinforces the need to implement training strategies and interdisciplinary work among health professionals, educators and families. .
OBJETIVO Identificar as necessidades formativas psicopedagógicas entre enfermeiros de pediatria do maior hospital público das Ilhas Baleares, Espanha. MÉTODO Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, na qual 78 enfermeiros (97,5% do serviço) responderam a um questionário e 15 participaram de entrevistas examinadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS Os resultados quantitativos mostram lacunas no conhecimento e nas competências psicopedagógicas do pessoal, embora estes aspectos possam facilitar o desenvolvimento de tarefas adaptadas à personalidade e ao momento psicoevolutivo da criança com doença crônica, além do estado emocional das famílias. Os resultados qualitativos foram organizados em quatro categorias: apoio familiar, hospital e educação, formação psicopedagógica e dificuldades na prática. Destaca-se a pouca comunicação entre enfermeiros e professores. CONCLUSÃO Os dados reforçam a necessidade de implementar estratégias de formação, assim como um trabalho interdisciplinar entre profissionais de saúde, educadores e famílias. .
OBJETIVO Identificar las necesidades formativas psicopedagógicas en enfermeras de pediatría del mayor hospital público en las Islas Baleares, España. MÉTODO Se trata de un diseño cuanti-cualitativo, donde 78 enfermeras (97,5% del servicio) contestaron un cuestionario y 15 participaron en entrevistas analizadas con análisis de contenido. RESULTADOS Los resultados cuantitativos muestran lagunas en conocimientos y competencias psicopedagógicas del personal, aunque estos aspectos podrían facilitar el desarrollo de tareas adaptadas a la personalidad y momento psicoevolutivo del niño con enfermedad crónica y el estado emocional de las familias. Los resultados cualitativos fueron organizados en cuatro categorías: apoyo familiar; hospital y la educación; formación psicopedagógica y dificultades en la práctica. Destaca la poca comunicación entre enfermeras y profesores. CONCLUSIÓN Estos datos refuerzan la necesidad de implementar estrategias de formación y un trabajo interdisciplinario entre profesionales de la salud, educadores y familias. .